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Senior-Woman-Balance-Exercise

Better Balance via Dynamic, Integrated Training

With the right training, you can help older adults retain or regain balance and reduce fall risk. Losing balance as we age is not inevitable. However, your older clients may express increasing concerns about falling. Those concerns may be well founded, especially if their senses are diminishing with each passing year. Certainly lack of movement also contributes to balance challenges.

We rely on information from our body in space and the environment to stay upright. Both internal and external factors affect this ability (over 200 factors. Wow!). For instance, we notice where we are in relation to the terrain and anticipate and adjust accordingly. But if the information coming in is compromised – due to weakening vision or hearing loss, for example – balance is compromised. Certainly if your clients have lost muscle mass over the years, their fall risk rises as well.

Fortunately, whether you work one-on-one or with a group, you can design effective, science-based, cutting edge balance workouts. The “old school” approach of offering static balance moves to reduce the risk of falling by standing on one leg is not backed by research. Instead, offer dynamic, integrated, functional tasks and movement challenges.

Three Systems Affecting Balance

Before addressing training protocols, let’s review the three internal systems that affect balance. Let’s call these three systems “Feel Me, Hear Me, See Me.” (Any of you just get “Tommy, the Who” playing in your head?) When any system is not functioning correctly, a person can feel off-balance.

Visual – See Me: (the most heavily used system) The visual system works with the vestibular system (defined below) by sending signals from the eye muscles to the balance organs in the inner ear. For instance, when you turn your head, your eyes go in the opposite direction. If eyesight degenerates, balance becomes more challenging.

Vestibular – Hear Me: This inner ear system lets us know that even when our bodies move through space, the world is not suddenly shifting. Our legs, ankles, knees, and neck muscles also send signals that help us keep our balance.

Somatosensory – Feel Me: A complex system of sensory neurons and pathways that responds to changes at the surface or inside the body, the somatosensory system is also involved in maintaining postural balance. Proprioceptors within the joints, muscles, and inner ear give us info about our body’s movement relative to its base of support and the various body parts. Relaying information about body position to the brain allows it to activate the appropriate motor response or movement.

If any of these three systems give faulty or reduced data to the Central Nervous System, the response will be also reduced. Bad data in; bad data out. So if your clients have inner ear issues, sarcopenia or stiff feet, for instance, balance will be negatively affected.

Four Integrated Factors to Address: Balance: Posture, Strength, Cognition

In addition to taking into account the three internal systems defined above, Balance, Posture, Strength (including speed and power), and Cognition are also critical and integrated factors. If you affect one, you affect the others.

A well-designed and effective balance program will offer tasks that recognize the integrated aspect of balance, posture, speed, power, and coordination (aka cognition). Look for dynamic exercises that enhance the above.

Walking: The Ultimate Dynamic, Functional Balance Activity

The prime example is gait. Walking is our number one functional balance activity. Every leg swing through requires balance on one leg. Therefore a balance program for older adults needs to offer some form of gait training: walking slowly, walking quickly, walking with stops and starts, walking up and down steps, walking backwards, walking with frequent turns, walking around obstacles. You get the idea.

In order to accomplish these gait tasks, clients will simultaneously improve their posture and/or strength as they strive to follow your cues. For an additional posture challenge, they can put glider discs, foam yoga blocks, or small, deflated balls on their head while walking (forwards and backwards). You can cue random squats or hops or small jumps as they walk with the glider or ball staying in place.

They may also improve their cognition if they are walking while citing their childhood phone number or counting backwards by threes or naming animals in alphabetical order. To challenge their senses, you can dim the lights or play music or cue them to walk in ever-decreasing space without running into each other or anything in the room. Of course, safety is always the first consideration, so choose your variations according to your client’s or group’s abilities.

Can your clients walk and talk at the same time? We take this ability for granted, however older adults may start to walk in stops and starts if the cognitive load increases. Challenge them to maintain a constant speed while thinking through a conversation, math problem, recall task, or verbal pattern (such as naming their teachers from kindergarten through sixth grade).

To challenge their somatosensory, vestibular, and visual senses, ask them to toss a tissue or balloon or scarf in the air as they walk. Right hand toss and catch only; then left; then two-handed. Then have them toss the item back and forth with you or other group members. Do you see where you are also addressing at least two of the four integrated factors with these challenges?

Walking examples are just a fraction of the tasks, games, and exercises you can use to help your clients with their balance. For more ideas and exercises that out the above factors into action, view the related webinar, “Help Your Boomers Achieve Better Balance.”

Older adults want to ford streams when hiking, climb stairs abroad where no railings exist, recover when they do fall. In short, they want the freedom to move, walk, and balance with confidence and a spring in their (upright) step.  If you apply the concepts of function, dynamic movement, and an integrated approach, you will offer them an effective (and dare I say, “fun”) balance program.

Webinar: Help Your Boomers Achieve Better Balance

Whether you work one-on-one or with a group, you can design effective, science-based, cutting edge balance workouts. Join Kymberly Williams-Evans for this webinar to learn more!


Kymberly Williams-Evans PhD (ABD) has taught fitness to more than 40,000 participants on 4 continents in 4 languages. Her teaching career spans land, sea, and airwaves and started in the first aerobics studio in Europe. Former faculty at University of California Santa Barbara in both the Dept of Exercise and Sports Studies and English, she specializes in baby boomer and older adult group exercise. Her newly released online Better Balance course offers more than 120 videos and concise manual for both pros and consumers.

change-neon-light

Motivation Plus Mobilization: Coaching For Success At Lifestyle Improvement

“I just don’t seem to have the motivation to really make changes.” This is a lament frequent to the ears of health and wellness coaches. Our clients are often puzzled by a lack of success in their efforts to start living a healthy lifestyle, or keep such efforts going. They blame it on either a lack of motivation to get started, or that their motivation fades as old habits reassert their rule.

Coaches help their clients examine and re-examine whatever sources of motivation they have mentioned. They help their clients revisit their desire to change and what drives it. They look at fear-based motivations such as not wanting to have an illness get worse, or not wanting to develop the maladies that have been prevalent in their family. They look at the love-based motivators like caring enough about ones self, wanting to be there for their grandchildren as they grow up, the intrinsic joy of dancing, swimming, tasting delicious and nutritious food, etc.

Perhaps the coach concludes, like their client, that these motivators just ‘aren’t enough’. The next step is to begin a usually fruitless search for additional motivators. Their client runs out of ideas and coaching descends into ‘what about this?’ suggestion after suggestion. What is really going on? What’s a more productive avenue to explore?

Your client may have enough motivation. They may in fact, have listed three, four or more reasons they want to change. They may possess a terrific combination of motivators. Motivation is like the fuel for a vehicle to run on. The problem might not be the fuel, but the lack of an actual vehicle! The vehicle is a methodology, a structure, and a process that facilitates change. To get where they need and want to go, the client needs both a vehicle to carry them and the fuel to put in it.

How do we mobilize motivation? By providing our client with methodology. I’ve always been amazed at how simple successful change can sometimes be when clients have a well-developed way of achieving it.

Coaches often hear their client’s frustration at wanting to improve their lifestyle, but not having much of a history of success at it. If we inquire if they have ever started their change efforts by first taking stock of their health and wellness in a really clear way, we find they rarely have. If we ask if they have ever begun by first developing a thorough plan as to how they will make their changes happen, we often find them admitting that they usually just get their will powered amped up and set some sort of goals. Rarely have they ever carried out their change efforts with the help of an ally who helped them with support and accountability. And, all too seldom have they ever keep track of their efforts at change and actually written it down.

A mentee of mine was recently coaching a middle-aged woman who complained of a lack of motivation holding her back. As we began listening to the recording, the coach helped the client describe at least four strong motivators that had propelled her into action. She realized that when her children were younger playing with them had provided her with more activity and energy. Now her energy was low and she wanted to reclaim that. She also talked about hoping for grandchildren and wanting to be a very active part of their lives. The client was concerned about her advancing age and not wanting to lose the health she had. She didn’t want to become a burden to anyone. She went on to list at least two more motivators.

As the client described her lack of success at change, her conclusion was that she was just lacking motivation. She described coming home from work tired and just fixing a quick (though not necessarily healthy) meal and watching television in the evening. “I just don’t have the motivation I need” the client lamented. She intended to be more active and intended to eat better. All she had for a plan were intentions.

Doing a great job of coaching, my mentee gently confronted his client and recited the substantial list of motivators that she did, in fact, have. He questioned whether it was a ‘lack of motivation’, or something else that was missing.

Clients try to figure out what is keeping them stuck. Unless it’s a matter of identifiable internal or external barriers, clients often say it’s a lack of motivation. They are looking for an explanation and, frankly, they often don’t know what else to call it.


ENROLL NOW! ONLINE COURSE FOR FIT PROS:


Co-Creating The Coaching Alliance

An often ignored part of coaching is the work it takes to Co-Create The Coaching Alliance. In addition to getting acquainted with our client and hearing their story, an important part of our first session with a client is to convey to the client just how coaching works. Clients are used to meeting with consultants, not coaches. They expect to be able to provide the consultant with lots of great information and hear the expert recommendations. We spoke about this from the coach’s point of view in our blog post, Making and Maintaining The Shift To The Coaching Mindset”. The client also needs to make a mindset shift to get oriented to this new way of working with someone.

Coaching is about co-creating agreements. We co-create with our client agreements about how we are going to work together. Some aspects of our working together are negotiable and can involve compromise. However, we are not going to compromise the nature of our coaching relationship. That is, we are not going to agree to just be our client’s educator, and let go of the role of coach.

Part of what an effective coach does is to explain, in a succinct fashion, exactly how coaching works, how it is structured and what the benefits of this structure are. The client-centered nature of coaching is conveyed with real reassurance that the client remains the one in the driver’s seat.

Part of the coach’s job is to facilitate the client’s use of the coaching structure. The coach does this by showing the client how advantageous it can be to operate with a solid plan, to track one’s progress at making changes, etc. The coach provides tools that make these processes easier. Mobile apps for tracking can be recommended and then, importantly, integrated into the coaching accountability.

Mobilizing Motivation

Motivation can be puzzling and elusive, but when it is present a methodology, a structure, is what the client needs in order to mobilize it. By providing our client with the vehicle, we help them get where they want to go.

Word Origin – Coach: In the 15th Century the Hungarian village of KOCS was the birthplace of the true carriage or “coach” as the word evolved in English.

In other words we might define both types of coaches as: A coach takes you from where you are at, to where you want to be!


Originally published on Real Balance blog. Reprinted with permission.

Dr. Michael Arloski is the CEO and Founder of Real Balance Global Wellness Services, Inc. (www.realbalance.com). Real Balance has trained thousands of wellness coaches worldwide. Dr. Arloski is a board member of The National Wellness Institute, and a founding member of the executive team of The National Consortium For Credentialing Health and Wellness Coaches. He is author of the leading book in the field of wellness coaching: Wellness Coaching For Lasting Lifestyle Change, 2nd Ed.

baby-boomers2

Successful Aging with Positive Thinking

This article was written with the intent to inform as well as inspire trainers, coaches and other practitioners who work with the aging population. As a gerontologist who studied the evolution of reflective wisdom, I am intrigued by famous quotes from years past. Henry Ford once said: “If you think you can do a thing or think you can’t do a thing, you’re right.” The aging process should be an enriching experience that involves our appreciation of our personal significance. However for many, it is a time of loneliness, depression, isolation and purposelessness.  Is this purely due to circumstances, our outlook, or a combination of both?

We have approximately 60,000 thoughts daily and 80% of them will be present tomorrow. Our thoughts and beliefs generate our feelings and emotions, our emotions drive our actions, and our actions create our outcomes. So there might be something to the statement – “Think positive and change your thoughts because it can change your world”. There are some studies looking at the possibility of meditation and gene expression. That in turn raises the intriguing possibility of dodging our supposed genetic destiny by changing our thoughts and attitudes which affect our mental and emotional stress. Positive emotions are an essential daily requirement for successful aging. Not only do they improve our physical and mental health, they provide a buffer against depression and illness. Science shows that people who are happy – live longer and have healthier lives. It was also noted that positive people are 50% less likely to have heart disease, a heart attack, or a stroke and that increasing positive emotions could lengthen life span by 10 years.

Over 60 % of US centenarians called themselves “Positive People”

Even though Positive psychology has been around for 20 years, it seems to be absent in our conversations and teachings. Dr. Seligman did not want to focus on the negative issues but instead the positive. Positive psychology is “the scientific study of what makes life most worth living”, or “the scientific study of positive behavior and thriving on various levels that include the cultural, personal, physical, social, and comprehensive dimensions of life.” This way of thinking is concerned with “the good life”, consideration about what is our ultimate value in life – the factors that contribute the most to a well-lived and fulfilling life. Positive psychologists note many ways to cultivate happiness. Happiness can achieved with a productive and meaningful existence. Social connections with family, friends and networks become more important as we age. Physical exercise in numerous methods and the practice of meditation may also contribute to happiness.

Those who practice positive psychology use affirmative attitudes toward one’s personal experiences, and life events. The objective is to minimize negative thoughts that may arise in hopelessness, and instead, cultivate positivity toward life. This method encourages the acceptance of one’s past, enthusiasm about one’s future, and a sense of desire and gratitude in the present.

Margaret Lee Runbeck states, “Happiness is not a station you arrive at, but a manner of traveling.”

According to Andrew Weil, MD, healthy aging includes an ethical will which is pertinent to those of us “concerned with making sense of our lives, giving back, and leaving a legacy”. It is a way to express optimism for future generations. An ethical will could be in many forms such as a letter, card, book, project, etc.  The ethical will includes:

  • A way to leave something behind, to be remembered
  • A way to document your history and stories for others to learn from in the future
  • A way to help you understand your own values and to share your ideals with future generations
  • A way to help you learn more about yourself
  • A way to help you accept mortality and create a way to ‘live on’ after you are gone
  • A way to provide an immediate sense of worthiness, completion, and accomplishment

Death is inevitable and aging wisdom is the process of our coming to terms with losses and changes.   We must focus on the life in our years not the years in our life, as well as passing down our pearls of wisdom from our years of learning and experiences. This in itself gives us purpose.

“Life should not be a journey to the grave with the intention of arriving safely in an attractive and well preserved body, but rather to skid in sideways, champagne in one hand – strawberries in the other, body thoroughly used up, totally worn out and screaming… WOO HOO!!! WHAT A RIDE!!!” 

May you live all they days of your life and may your life live on forever.


Dianne McCaughey Ph.D. is an award winning fitness specialist with more than 35 years experience in personal training, group exercise, coaching, and post-rehabilitation. She is a master trainer for multiple companies and practices and teaches optimal wellness emphasizing the mind, body and spirit. She works with special populations and focuses on posture, gait, balance and corrective exercise programs for better function and health.

summer meditation

One Minute Practice: Present Moment Awareness

Roasting, boiling, baking. One might use these words if they are providing cooking instructions. For those who live in the Northern Hemisphere, these might also be some words you are using to describe your current relationship with the weather. Maybe even adjectives for your internal atmosphere.  

For some, summer signifies increasing daylight. While others, summer indicates an excess of heat.  Between last issue and now, perhaps you have been practicing how to maintain an awareness of and appreciation for the strengths gleaned in darkness, while simultaneously allowing the lengthening of days to unfold in a way that is calm, reflective and appreciative of what is present now. What did you learn in winter that can serve you now? Beauty in breath? Beauty in darkness? Beauty in coolness?

Between now and June 21, for those in the Northern Hemisphere, days will continue to lengthen. Heat will increase. The digestive fire will burn. And muscles will contract. Although we must not forget the importance of the cool, the rest, and the relaxation.

As I introduced in the previous article, the month of March can evoke bodily rhythmic awareness. For respiratory, digestive, muscular or cardiac system, or any other bodily function – you may be feeling the heat. A balance of the fire is necessary.

In what ways can you locate spaces, in June and among the continually unfolding hot Summer days, where the appreciation of coolness you cultivated in winter may gently breeze in? Neurologically, the exhale induces the brain to relax and feel calm.

I invite readers to consider finding spaces where you can allow your breath to exhale.  How might you channel the winter of the breath to serve you in summer?

Let’s engage in a 1-minute practice of honoring the internal fire and welcome a cool breeze.

Where you are right in this moment is the perfect place to practice. You have everything you need.

1. Locate the breath: say, “Hello breath. Thank you for respirating today.”

2. Create a comfortable breeze: Tune into the coolness of the exhale.

3. Discover the coolness within: Focusing on the exhale creates a lowered body temperature.

4. Carry your awareness: Maintain an awareness of coolness.

Repeat steps one through four.


Dr. Adrienne Ione is a cognitive behavioral therapist and personal trainer who integrates these fields in support of people thriving across the lifespan. As a pro-aging advocate, she specializes in the self-compassion of dementia.

Website: yes2aging.com
Guided Meditations: insighttimer.com/adrienneIone
Facebook: silverliningsintegrativehealth